VENGEANCE Striker 2003 Bedienungsanleitung

Security Studies 16, no. 1 (January–March 2007): 133–162Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLCISSN: 0963-6412 print / 1556-1852 onlineDOI: 10.108

142 M. CrenshawCoercing the AdversaryPape makes a strong claim that campaigns of suicide terrorism are success-ful in compelling democracies to withdr

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 143of Terrorism (MIPT)Terrorism Knowledge Base does not list any missions.46However, the GIA certainly tr

144 M. Crenshawobjectives and precipitants of suicide bombing reveal little of the strategiclogic that, according to Pape, lies at its core.”57They po

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 145which suicide terrorism is effective as coercion against democracies, if this isindeed the case. Moreo

146 M. Crenshawsuicide missions was cyclical. He also points out, quite rightly, that Palestinianfactions cooperate as well as compete, a point that P

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 147practical discussion of restraint during the first Palestinian intifada: it was dif-ficult to acquire we

148 M. CrenshawThere are other well-known cases where suicide attacks did not seemto be a last ditch measure after alternatives failed. For example, i

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 149SOCIAL SUPPORTSuicide attacks are not generally supposed to occur in the absence of publicsupport for

150 M. Crenshawappeal and the incidence of suicide attacks were growing rapidly). Atran alsoquestions Pape’s focus on Salafist ideology in the countrie

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 151At one point, he specifies the presence of “heavy combat troops,”107yetlater he contends that troops ne

134 M. CrenshawBarbara Victor, Army of Roses: Inside the World of Palestinian Women SuicideBombers (Emmaus Pa.: Rodale [distributed by St. Martin’s Pr

152 M. Crenshawequally gratifying and thus equally contagious.113Furthermore, as Kalyvasand Sanchez-Cuenca emphasize, suicide attacks can occur where

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 153Social support might be due to a variety of factors: religion, a mixture ofreligion and nationalism, f

154 M. Crenshawto identify them.121Motivations are highly context-dependent, and criticalinformation is lacking. Pedahzur categorizes suicide attacker

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 155loss of dignity and personal or family crisis.131In Palestine, he notes thatthe degradation of everyda

156 M. Crenshawreligious when they became radicalized.138Overall, only 13 percent of the394 jihadists that he analyzed attended madrassas. Along with

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 157Speckhard and Ahkmedova dispute both Bloom’s and Victor’s argu-ments.147After conducting systematic in

158 M. Crenshawthat granting major concessions is a mistake. Furthermore, what are we tomake of the fact that suicide attacks have ended in Chechnya a

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 159Davis blames American foreign policies, referring to support for Israel, amilitary presence in Saudi A

160 M. Crenshawwell as options for exit. He thinks, for example, that Israel was mistaken toinsist on unconditional surrender when Hamas offered cease

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 161uses them exclusively. Compared to other methods, is a suicide attack neces-sarily more effective than

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 135explanations offered by general studies.2For example, Mohammed Hafezlists 443 suicide attacks in Iraq

162 M. CrenshawMiddle East. As it stands, analyses are inconsistent in linking the sequencingof attacks to specific actions by governments or changes i

136 M. Crenshawviolence. Others use the term terrorism to refer exclusively to attacks on civil-ian, not military, targets. Sometimes the reader has t

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 137some groups refrain from suicide tactics.11However, the authors who definetheir subject as suicide terr

138 M. CrenshawHopgood contends that in Sri Lanka “there are no clear examples ofcivilians being directly targeted by SMs [suicide missions]...”18“In

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 139include missions that were possible without the perpetrator’s death.25Gam-betta, Pape, and Pedahzur in

140 M. Crenshawprototypical martyrs, nominally volunteers, were “systematically manipulatedby the state.”31The case of the train bombs in Spain in Mar

Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay 141to central questions will vary. Not surprisingly, most accounts focus on theinteraction of individuals